Not All Money Is the Same: The Meanings of Money in Online Fraud

In this study, we explore the various ways online fraudsters define money through an analysis of posts on fraud-centered message boards located on the dark web forum Dread. Our examination of over 4,000 posts from 2019 to 2024 finds that online fraudsters view money in several conceptually distinct ways: as easy, difficult, tangible, initial, and risky. We add to understanding of the multifaceted character of digital money and the ways offenders define money. We discuss implications of these findings for models of decision-making, such as deterrence and rational choice. We also provide suggestions for policy-makers and practitioners to better catch or deter the individuals committing online fraud.