Atomic‐Level Tuning Strategies in Designing Active Catalysts for Heterogeneous CO2 Conversion into Chemical Feedstock

Nanocatalysts exhibit significantly improved performance when reduced to single atoms or small clusters, enhancing active site exposure for CO2 reduction. By achieving this level of atomic engineering, the exposed active centres can be maximized for accelerated surface adsorption during CO2 reduction. Several engineering approaches, such as atomic layer coating, tailoring of intrinsic and extrinsic defects, surface‐site engineering, oxygen vacancies, etc., can effectively modify the active centres for the enhanced CO2 adsorption and activation. These state‐of‐the‐art methodologies ensure the precise control and regulation of advanced materials at the atomic scale to accelerate the efficiency and selectivity for converting CO2 into value‐added chemical feedstock, addressing both energy and environmental challenges. As CO2 sequestration is the nexus of almost every sustainable energy resource; therefore, the recent advancements in atomic‐level engineering strategies for CO2 reduction applications are critically surveyed. Herein, we aim to articulate the developments in the existent approaches in atomic‐level tuning and surface‐site modification techniques alongside challenges and future directions for large‐scale applicability of CO2 reduction.