Covalent Organic Frameworks/MWCNT Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Detection of the H1N1 Influenza Virus

H1N1 influenza is highly contagious and can cause zoonotic respiratory disease. Thus, early detection is essential to prevent and control its rapid spread in the population. Given the limitations of traditional detection methods in clinical laboratories, an electrochemical biosensor modified with TAPT-TP COFs/MWCNT nanomaterial (TAPT: 4,4′,4″-(1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-trial) trianiline; TP: 1,3,5-Triformylphloroglucinol; MWCNTs: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes), dual-probe-specific recognizer and signal amplifier was reported, which was capable of quantifying H1N1 virus complementary DNA (cDNA) from 10 fM to 1 nM (limit of detection, LOD = 1.01 fM) with distinguished selectivity and reproducibility. Furthermore, the portable device achieved a detection range of 1 fM to 1 pM and LOD of 0.17 fM, and the accuracy was confirmed by spiked recovery experiments (recovery: 98.01–101.24%). The applicability of the portable biosensing device was verified by quantifying the concentration of H1N1 virus in the nasal turbinates and lung tissue of mice, the results of which were compared with droplet PCR (ddPCR) to validate its reliability (P > 0.05) and confirm its potential application in influenza surveillance. Thus, the above biosensor can help doctors or other professionals obtain rapid and accurate monitoring results and is expected to realize the on-site diagnosis of the H1N1 influenza virus for early intervention and epidemic management.