Objective:To compare the contents of paeoniflorin in the different fertility of soil of paeonia lactiflora.Method:The contents of paeoniflorin determined by HPLC.Chromatographic condition included Spherisorb 10 ODS1(4.6 mm×250 mm,10?μm) and the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-0.05%mol/LKH_2PO_3(40∶65).Paeoniflorin was detected at 230 nm.The standard curve was linear in the range of 2.5~12.5?μg with correlation coefficient 0.99998.The average recovery of paeoniflorin was 100.5% with RSD=2.2%.Results:The contents of paeoniflorin were 9.01%,5.56%,9.69%,8.23 %,9.33%,6.22%,7.20% in the different fertility of soil respectively.Conclusion:The method is accurate quick and good reappearance,it can be used as the important basis of quality estimation in the culture of paeonia lactiflora.