An Optimization Design of Energy Consumption for Aluminum Smelting Based on a Multi-Objective Artificial Vulture Algorithm

In the process of regenerative aluminum smelting, the temperature of the furnace needs to be maintained between 700 and 850 by adjusting the setting parameters of the smelting furnace. The setting parameters are usually adjusted by manual work, and inaccuracies in manual operation can lead to wasted energy as well as unstable temperatures. Energy consumption and temperature stability are two conflicting objectives, which are difficult to find optimal parameters for the aluminum smelting process. In this paper, an improved multi-objective artificial vulture algorithm (IMOAVOA) is developed to solve a multi-objective problem of energy consumption and temperature deviations in the regenerative aluminum smelting process. The dynamic switching–elimination mechanism based on crowding distance is proposed to maintain the archive, which enhances the diversity of solutions by dynamically switching the operation space for deleting redundant solutions in the archive and dynamically deleting the solution with the smallest crowding distance in the operation space. The multi-directional leader selection mechanism is developed to select better leaders. To improve the convergence of the algorithm, the bounce strategy is introduced in the IMOAVOA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by UF1-UF10, kursawe, Viennet2, Viennet3, ZDT1-ZDT6, DTLZ4, and DTLZ6 test functions with several multi-objective algorithms. The experimental results indicate that IMOAVOA outperforms the original algorithm and three other multi-objective algorithms in terms of the algorithm convergence, the Pareto front coverage, and the solution diversity. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested in an application case of regenerative aluminum smelting process. The results show that the optimal parameters for the aluminum smelting process using the proposed algorithm can reduce the consumption while meeting the objective of furnace temperature.