“YELLOW NAIL” SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH TITANIUM IMPLANTS AS A RESULT OF TITANIUM ION ACCUMULATION IN THE BODY AND ITS OUTCOMES

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by nail changes, lymphedema, and respiratory problems. In recent years, a possible link has been identified between YNS and titanium ion accumulation in the body of patients with titanium implants, which requires further study. In this regard, the aim of this article is to study the relationship between titanium implants and the development of YNS, as well as to investigate the mechanisms of titanium ion accumulation and their impact on patients' health. The article uses the following materials and methods: a systematic review of literature describing YNS cases in patients with titanium implants was conducted; clinical data, results of titanium level measurements in biological fluids and tissue were analyzed, and diagnostic and treatment methods were described. According to the study results, patients with titanium implants were found to have elevated levels of titanium ions in the body, which can lead to the development of YNS. Clinical manifestations include nail discoloration, thickening of the nail plates, lymphedema, and respiratory diseases. Titanium is thought to induce inflammatory reactions that disrupt the lymphatic system and eratinocyte metabolism, leading to the development of YNS. In conclusion, YNS in patients with titanium implants is an important clinical problem associated with titanium ion accumulation. Further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and develop methods for prevention and treatment. Physicians should consider this possible association when managing patients with titanium implants, especially in the presence of comorbidities.