Kirigami electronics for long-term electrophysiological recording of human neural organoids and assembloids

Organoids and assembloids have emerged as a promising platform to model aspects of nervous system development. Longterm, minimally-invasive recordings in these multi-cellular systems are essential for developing disease models. Current technologies, such as patch-clamp, penetrating microelectrodes, planar electrode arrays and substrate-attached flexible electrodes, do not, however, allow chronic recording of organoids in suspension, which is necessary to preserve their architecture. Inspired by the art of kirigami, we developed flexible electronics that transition from a 2D pattern to a 3D basketlike configuration to accommodate the long-term culture of organoids in suspension. This platform, named kirigami electronics (KiriE), integrates with and enables chronic recording of cortical organoids while preserving morphology, cytoarchitecture, and cell composition. KiriE can be integrated with optogenetic and pharmacological stimulation and model disease. Moreover, KiriE can capture activity in cortico-striatal assembloids. Moving forward, KiriE could reveal disease phenotypes and activity patterns underlying the assembly of the nervous system.