Effect of surfactants addition and choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents into chitosan films

This study enhances chitosan-based (Ch) films properties for use as an active food packaging. The films were produced using a solvent casting method and plasticized with a non-toxic deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride (ChCl) and malonic acid (MA). The inclusion of specific surfactants (SUR) improved film properties through synergistic effects. ChCl_MA and saponins (SA) enhanced particle distribution and dispersion, achieving desired surface characteristics. Transparency and UV shielding were addressed, with SA providing complete UV protection with maintained high transparency. Ch/ChCl_MA/SUR films demonstrated enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break in comparison to Ch and Ch/SUR films. The Ch/ChCl_MA/SUR films exceeded industry standards for tensile strength, indicating their suitability for packaging. The proposed Ch/DES/SUR films show high potential for developing functional active packaging materials for efficient food preservation and extended shelf life, reducing waste and enhancing safety.