Functionalized Dynamic Membrane for Wastewater Treatment

Traditional dynamic membranes (DMs) are plagued by membrane fouling and low performance during long-term operation. In recent years, researchers have developed various functionalized dynamic membranes (FDMs) derived from DMs, employing different functional materials to provide an economically viable and promising solution for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, there remains a gap in the comprehensive understanding of FDMs and the challenges encountered in their application. This review outlines the characteristics of deposition materials and methods, establishing a theoretical foundation for evaluating the functionality of FDMs. Deposition materials that exhibit magnetic recovery, ease of regeneration, high catalytic activity, or microbial communities with self-healing properties are particularly well-suited for the development of effective long-term FDMs. Additionally, this paper systematically examined recent advancements in FDM research and evaluated the applicability of various technologies. In the context of complex wastewater environments, FDMs with multifunctional mechanisms and those integrated with other processes can significantly enhance purification capabilities. Furthermore, this paper proposes future research directions aimed at addressing the challenges currently faced by FDMs. It should focus on reducing operational costs, mitigating membrane fouling, ensuring the functionality of dynamic layers, developing innovative materials, and enhancing sustainability. This review seeks to provide novel and valuable insights into the progress of FDMs.