Dual-target regulation of glutathione and heat shock proteins via molecular-carrier-pathway triple-engineering for potentiated phototherapy

studies revealed that N3@437 under 808 nm laser irradiation achieved 94.9% tumor growth inhibition and markedly suppressed lung metastasis. By employing a triple-pronged strategy of molecular engineering, nanocarrier design, and pathway blockage, this work pioneered a paradigm that concurrently depletes GSH and inhibits HSPs. This breakthrough enables enhanced PDT/PTT performance, offering a transformative solution for combating tumor adaptive resistance.