生物集群灭绝
生物群
消光(光学矿物学)
生物
生态学
谱系(遗传)
航程(航空)
白垩纪
宏观进化
生物扩散
物种丰富度
进化生物学
古生物学
系统发育树
人口
人口学
生物化学
材料科学
社会学
基因
复合材料
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:1986-01-10
卷期号:231 (4734): 129-133
被引量:486
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.231.4734.129
摘要
Comparison of evolutionary patterns among Late Cretaceous marine bivalves and gastropods during times of normal, background levels of extinction and during the end-Cretaceous mass extinction indicates that mass extinctions are neither an intensification of background patterns nor an entirely random culling of the biota. During background times, traits such as planktotrophic larval development, broad geographic range of constituent species, and high species richness enhanced survivorship of species and genera. In contrast, during the, end-Cretaceous and other mass extinctions these factors were ineffectual, but broad geographic deployment of an entire lineage, regardless of the ranges of its constituent species, enhanced survivorship. Large-scale evolutionary patterns are evidently shaped by the alternation of these two macroevolutionary regimes, with rare but important mass extinctions driving shifts in the composition of the biota that have little relation to success during the background regime. Lineages or adaptations can be lost during mass extinctions for reasons unrelated to their survival values for organisms or species during background times, and long-term success would require the chance occurrence within a single lineage of sets of traits conducive to survivorship under both regimes.
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