Coherent design of indium doped copper bismuthate-encapsulated graphene nanocomposite for sensitive electrochemical detection of Rutin

In this report, we demonstrate a facile and coherent way of hydrothermally synthesized nanocomposite of copper bismuthate (CB), indium-doped copper bismuthate (ICB), and indium-doped copper bismuthate/graphene (ICBG), which can be made feasibly towards the electrochemical sensing of rutin (RU). Furthermore, an electroactive interfacing bonding of single-layered graphene with ICB unveiled substantial electrocatalytic characteristics for RU for the first time. Several analytical and microscopic techniques, such as XRD, Raman, FESEM with EDS, TEM, and XPS, were used to figure out the composition and shape of the synthesized nanocomposites. To investigate the electrochemical properties of modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) with different voltammetric techniques, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Furthermore, the efficacy of different experimental conditions such as pH, scan rate, and concentration on the peak current of the RU was also studied. Excellent electrocatalytic activity, higher sensitivity (1.129 μA μM–1cm–2), a low detection limit (0.011 μM), and excellent selectivity for RU were attributes of the highly developed sensor. Besides, the feasibility of the as-fabricated electrochemical sensor was proved by the successful application of determining RU real sample analysis in fruit juice samples. Correspondingly, our research analysis delivers the basis for designing a hybrid composite network, which is a gateway for the detection of RU at ultra-trace levels.