超级电容器
介孔材料
材料科学
电容
比表面积
碳化
化学工程
杂原子
电流密度
功率密度
多孔性
纳米技术
电极
化学
复合材料
有机化学
催化作用
烷基
扫描电子显微镜
功率(物理)
物理
物理化学
量子力学
工程类
作者
Pu Yang,Da Wei Zheng,Penghui Zhu,Feng Jiang,Xiaotao Bi
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2023.144785
摘要
Tailoring the pore structure while maintaining a large specific surface area (SSA) of biocarbon remains a challenge, especially for single activating/templating system. Herein, a new binary ZnCl2-CaCl2 (Zn-Ca) molten salt system is explored for one-step carbonization of chitin to manufacture biocarbon with hierarchically tunable micro/mesoporous structure. By adjusting the salt to chitin ratio, biocarbon with large SSA (>1000 m2/g), controllable mesopore fractions (19.3%–67.9%) and high yield (up to 35%) has been fabricated. The optimal SSA, total pore and mesopore volume are obtained at 1671 m2/g, 1.32 cm3/g and 0.64 cm3/g, respectively, showing the synergistic effect of Zn-Ca on achieving well-balanced pore characteristics. Besides, the total nitrogen contents could also be enhanced. Such balanced physicochemical properties lead to excellent supercapacitor performance, achieving 301.2 F/g specific capacitance at a current density of 0.5 A/g as measured from a three-electrode system. The assembled supercapacitor cell also shows a notable rate capability of 70.2% at an ultrahigh current density of 50 A/g with a low internal resistance, which can reach a remarkable power density of 27 kW/kg. The outstanding capacitive performance is attributed to the modulated micro-mesoporous structure for efficient ion diffusion and adsorption, as well as appropriate heteroatoms for pseudo-capacitance contribution.
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