Mast Cells in Acupoint Sensitization: Mechanisms and Research Advances

Acupoint sensitization is characterized by a dynamic transition from a “resting state” to an “activated state”. Research in this area holds significant implications not only for clinical acupoint selection but also for disease diagnosis. However, the biological mechanisms and material basis underlying this process require further investigation. In recent years, mast cells have been recognized as a key cellular foundation and an objective indicator of acupoint sensitization. When mechanical signals are transmitted to the subcutaneous tissue, mast cell aggregation and degranulation are induced. This leads to subsequent effects on the surrounding tissues, including blood vessels, muscles, and nerve endings, and thereby mediates the acupuncture effect. Evidence suggests that mast cells not only initiate acupuncture effects but also, through their released substances, reflect the dynamic and functional characteristics of acupoint sensitization. These cells also contribute to both central and peripheral sensitization processes. Despite recent advancements, several challenges remain in the study of acupoint sensitization, including the lack of dynamic monitoring methods, inconsistent indicators for measuring sensitization intensity, and an uncertainty regarding the potential of neurotransmitter-independent sensitization processes. This study provides an overview of mast cells and their role in the mechanism of acupoint sensitization, thereby aiming to establish a comprehensive network linking the central and peripheral systems to the neuroendocrine-immune system. The study aims to offer insights that will facilitate further exploration of the biological significance of acupoint sensitization and promote more in-depth research.