Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and facilitates M1-like microglial transformation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal energy metabolism and imbalanced neuroinflammation in the retina. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, and associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, however, not known whether to be involved in glaucoma neuropathy and its underlying mechanisms.