医学
结直肠癌
液体活检
结肠镜检查
无症状的
疾病
阶段(地层学)
癌症
内科学
金标准(测试)
肿瘤科
克拉斯
个性化医疗
死亡率
生物标志物
重症监护医学
生物信息学
古生物学
生物化学
化学
生物
作者
Ghazaleh Pourali,Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha,Elham Nazari,Mina Maftooh,Mohammadreza Nassiri,Seyed Mahdi Hassanian,Majid Ghayour Mobarhan,Mojtaba Khazaei,Gordon A. Ferns,Amir Avan
标识
DOI:10.2174/1381612829666230308102611
摘要
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the second most prevalent cancer diagnosed in women and the third most common kind of cancer in men. Despite tremendous efforts and advancements in diagnostic approaches and treatment options, the mortality rate of CRC accounts for around one million each year globally. The five-year survival rate of CRC is reported to be approximately 14 percent for patients diagnosed at an advanced stage. Due to its significant associated mortality and morbidity, diagnostic tools to identify the disease at its early stages are urgently required. Early diagnosis may lead to better outcomes. The gold standard approach for CRC diagnosis is colonoscopy with biopsy. However, it is an invasive process with a risk of complications and discomfort for the patient. Moreover, it is usually performed in symptomatic or high-risk individuals and therefore, asymptomatic patients might be missed. Thus, alternative non-invasive diagnostic techniques are required to improve CRC outcomes. The new era of personalized medicine is identifying novel biomarkers associated with overall survival and clinical outcomes. Recently, liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive analysis of body fluid biomarkers, has gained attention for diagnosis, evaluation of prognosis, and follow-up of patients with CRC. Several previous studies have demonstrated that this novel approach allows for better understanding of CRC tumor biology and leads to an improvement in clinical outcomes. Here, we explain the enrichment and detection methods of circulating biomarkers, including CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. Furthermore, we provide an overview on their clinical potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for CRC.
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