The effect of three new biodiesel feedstocks (second-generation) on the performance and emissions of diesel engines

The present study experimentally considers the performance and emissions of three new species of second-generation biofuels (lilium ledebourii, iris meda and the viola odorata seed methyl ester) in a diesel engine. These three biofuels can grow in harsh condition and require low cost of maintenance. All biodiesels are added to diesel fuel by the volume of 20% (B20), 50% (B50), 80% (B80), and 100% (B100). The torque of B20 for all biodiesel samples is much closer to the diesel fuels and the highest torque is achieved by iris meda biodiesel compared to others. The B100 is shown to have the lowest engine power in all biodiesel blends. Also, the viola odorata biodiesel has lower engine power compared to other biodiesel samples. The B20 has the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) in all biodiesel blends. The viola odorata biodiesel shows a higher BSFC compared to other biodiesels. In addition, the highest reduction of biodiesel is shown by B20, while it is still higher than neat biodiesels. At B100, the highest exhaust gas temperature is displayed during the use of viola odorata biodiesel compared to other biodiesel samples. The viola odorata biodiesel emits NOx of around 29.5% compared to diesel fuels, which is higher than other biodiesels. The increase of biodiesels in diesel fuel decreases the amount of SO2 expressively. The reduction of smoke opacity (B100) for the iris meda, lilium ledebourii, and viola odorata seed biodiesels is about 69%, 72%, and 74%, respectively. The neat viola odorata biodiesel is shown to have the lowest smoke opacity.