The antibiotic contaminations in the main water bodies in China and the associated environmental and human health impacts

Antibiotic contamination in the aquatic environment has raised extensive concerns in recent years. This review mainly summarized the antibiotic contamination profiles in the main water bodies in China,with a special focus on the Yangtze River. Previous studies show that sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones are the two major antibiotic contarainants in most China water bodies.Sulfonamides and tetracyclines are the two major antibiotic contarainants in Huangpu River,while sulfonamides and chloramphenicols in Yangtze Estuary. Swine wastewater and municipal wastewater are the two major sources of antibiotic contamination. The antibiotic contaminations in aquatic environment induced antibiotic resistance genes( ARGs) and drug resistant bacteria,and also posed toxicological effects to aquatic organisms and human beings through drinking,bathing,diet and other possible routes. The environmental and human health impacts studies of antibiotic contarainants in aquatic environment was discussed. The combined toxicology study of antibiotic contarainants with other pollutants was also discussed.