Advances in Supramolecular Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract In this chapter, the supramolecular chemistry of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is examined. CNTs are classified as one‐dimensional allotropes of carbon that are endowed with unique physical/mechanical, electronic, and spectral properties. These properties make CNTs attractive for various applications. To be employed for these uses, CNTs must be functionalized, which can occur by either covalent or noncovalent means. During covalent modification, the sidewalls or the end groups are subject to functionalization; the primary problem with this approach, however, is that the physical properties of the nanotube are impaired. In order to chemically modify CNTs while preserving their physical properties, noncovalent functionalization of CNTs needs to be implemented. Examples of supramolecular chemistry of CNTs include: (i) π–π stacking of aromatic compounds to the walls of CNTs, (ii) dispersing CNTs with surfactants, and (iii) polymer wrapping around a CNT. Once functionalized, CNTs can be employed in applications including supramolecular assembly, using CNTs as atomic force microscope (AFM) probes, biorecognition, polymer reinforcement, recognition layers for chemical and biological sensing based on conductivity and fluorescence, the separation of nanotubes, and the use of CNTs for intercellular drug delivery.