Cultural adaptation of positive behavioral interventions and supports tier 1 in a Chinese elementary school.

Research has shown the positive effects of positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) on student outcomes. Despite its effectiveness, there is limited research on the cultural adaptation of PBIS in other cultures, especially in Asia. Based on cultural adaptation frameworks, the current case study reports the cultural adaptation and implementation process of PBIS Tier 1 in a Chinese elementary school, including the steps and strategies in its engagement, design, and implementation. Using multiple questionnaires, we also examined the pre- and postintervention differences in students' emotional and behavioral problems, their perceptions of school climate, and important factors related to academic engagement. Mainly, students' prosocial behaviors, emotional symptoms, and their interpersonal relationships with teachers and peers improved. However, there was also an increase in hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems. Limitations and future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).