Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Post-extraction Healing of Mandibular Third Molars: A Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation

Healing of extraction sockets is a critical factor in oral and maxillofacial surgery, particularly when preserving alveolar bone and periodontal stability is essential. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous concentrate of growth factors, has gained attention for its potential to enhance bone regeneration and soft-tissue healing. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of PRP application in extraction sockets after impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Forty patients who underwent impacted mandibular third molar extraction were divided into two groups according to clinical decision-making in conjunction with patient preference: the PRP group, in which PRP was applied in the extraction socket, and the non-PRP group, which received standard post-extraction care. Clinical parameters, including probing depth and wound closure, and radiographic assessments of alveolar bone level and bone density were recorded at baseline, one month, three months, and six months postoperatively. The application of PRP resulted in significant improvements in alveolar bone preservation and periodontal health, with a notable reduction in probing depth compared to the non-PRP group. Although PRP did not show a significant difference in bone density between the groups, a sustained increase over time suggested a positive effect on bone remodeling. PRP also accelerated wound healing, with initial dehiscence observed, but improved closure by day seven, indicating a biphasic influence on tissue repair. PRP demonstrated potential benefits in enhancing soft and hard tissue healing after mandibular third molar extraction. Its ability to promote periodontal stability and wound closure suggests its clinical utility for oral surgical procedures. However, larger randomized controlled trials with extended follow-up are needed to establish standardized protocols and confirm their long-term efficacy.