Characterization and electrochromic properties of multi-morphology NiO films prepared by CBD and DC Techniques

In this study, multi-morphology NiO (MMN) films were prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and dip coating (DC) methods using different coating sequences. The MMN films included varying numbers of layers for the DC method, with 5, 10, and 15 layers used to investigate the structural and electrochromic properties. The distinct morphology of the MMN films was dependent on the preparation methods, where CBD and DC exhibited porous structures with interlocking nanosheets and nanoparticles, respectively. The XRD results of the MMN films showed the preferred orientation of the (111) plane with the highest XRD peak for the DC/CBD methods. The highest optical properties calculated from the optical contrast between the colored and bleached states of the coating sequences DC/CBD were approximately 51.34%. The cyclic voltammetry test showed that the resulting DC/CBD was more stable and durable than CBD/DC as a result of differences in the structural characteristics.