[The relationship between gut microbiota and diet and nutrition related diseases].

The human gastro-intestinal tract is not only the habitat of gut microbiota, but also the main place that the body gets available nutrients. Therefore, the gut microbiota of human can be inseparable associated with the human nutrition. The common technologies used among gut microbiota research included metageonomic, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. The research of gut microbiota based on above omics methods confirmed that diets were the main factors influencing the composition and expression of gut microbiota. The proportion, quantity, stable state, and metabolic changes of gut microbiota were closely related to obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and other nutritional-related diseases. Reasonable dietary intervention can adjust the disorders of gut microbiota, which can achieve prevention and treatment of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other nutritional-related diseases. Although the single omics methods can be used to study the problems of some aspects of gut microbiota, the combination of multi-omics is needed to achieve the above objectives.肠道是肠道菌群的聚集地，更是机体获取营养的最主要场所。因此，肠道菌群与营养及营养相关疾病之间必定存在着密不可分的关系。肠道菌群常用的研究方法包括宏基因组学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学和代谢组学。基于各种组学技术的肠道菌群研究证实膳食是影响肠道菌群组成和表达的主要因素；肠道菌群的比例、数量、稳定状态及其代谢产物的变化与肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病等多种营养相关疾病密切相关。通过膳食干预改变肠道微生物的种类和活性表达，能够实现预防和治疗肥胖、糖尿病、冠心病等营养相关疾病的目的。尽管，上述单一组学方法能研究肠道菌群的某一方面的问题，但是为了达到上述目的，需要多组学联合进一步了解肠道菌群与人类营养和健康之间的关系。.