Recent trends in bone defect repair and bone tissue regeneration of the two-dimensional material MXene

Bone defects have attracted much attention for a long time and seriously affect the function of the motor system. At present, the application of biological materials and biological scaffolds implanted in the defect site to promote the healing of bone defects is the main treatment method for bone defect repair. In recent years, the emergence of two-dimensional materials has brought new opportunities for biological materials. As a two-dimensional nanomaterial based on ceramics, MXene has unique physical and chemical properties, such as electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and antibacterial and photothermal effects, which make it a very broad application prospect in bone defect biomaterials. This review will start from the pathophysiological changes of bone defects and intervention factors of bone defect repair, introduce in detail the preparation and modification methods, physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of the two-dimensional material MXene, and review the application status and research progress of MXene in bone defect repair and bone tissue regeneration. This provides a reference for the further application of MXene in bone defect repair.