This chapter deals with the topic of mediation from the perspectives of both negotiation theory and game theory. It begins by exploring the conditions that can facilitate mediation and discusses the benefits to the parties and to the overall outcome from a game-theoretic perspective. The authors analyse typical patterns of conflict and examine possible obstacles that may arise during mediation or that are caused by the characteristics of the parties involved. Finally, different forms of mediation are presented that appear well suited for certain conflict constellations and that provide solution-oriented approaches for mediation settings.