The ethnomedicinal, pharmacological, and phytochemical potential of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen: An updated and comprehensive review

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ferula sinkiangensis, commonly known as "Chinese Awei" or "Chinese Ferula", has attracted considerable attention due to its diverse ethnobotanical uses and phytochemical complexity. However, lacking an updated and comprehensive review addressing ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and threats facing this critically endangered medicinal plant of Xinjiang, China. AIM: This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated, meticulous study of F. sinkiangensis, encompassing its traditional applications, phytoconstituents, pharmacological properties, and insights into its socio-ecological significance and conservation strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad literature review was undertaken using online search engines, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science, to compile pertinent information. RESULTS: Ferula sinkiangensis, boasts a rich history of traditional medicinal use, particularly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, anthelmintic, diarrhea, malaria, respiratory tract infections, and wound healing. Presently, approximately 264 natural compounds have been identified from F. sinkiangensis, including sesquiterpene coumarins, lignans, sulfanes, sterols, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides. F. sinkiangensis exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antiulcer, anti-sedative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemic effects. Among these, key compounds like Kellerin and Umbelliprenin have gained attention for their potent pharmacological activities. Kellerin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, and the mechanistic action of Kellerin emphasizes its potential in treating neurodegenerative conditions. CONCLUSION: This review comprehensively examines F. sinkiangensis, highlighting its traditional applications, extensive phytochemical composition, and considerable pharmacological potential. Furthermore, it underscores the pressing need to implement conservation measures to protect this endangered medicinal resource from the threats of overharvesting and habitat destruction.