Laurus nobilis L. leaves Suppress Alcohol-Related Liver Disease by Exhibiting Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Alcohol-Treated Hepatocytes and Mice

Excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to a serious health condition known as alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD). This ailment represents a significant worldwide health challenge, affecting populations across various demographics. ARLD has a multifactorial pathogenesis involving oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Laurus nobilis L. leaf water extract (LLE) against ARLD in alcohol-treated hepatocytes and mice. LLE exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and CYP2E1 expression in ethanol-treated hepatocytes. Moreover, LLE mitigated lipogenesis by modulating the expression of lipogenic factors in ethanol-treated hepatocytes. In vivo, LLE administration attenuated liver injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation induced by alcohol consumption in mice. Additionally, LLE suppressed apoptosis signaling pathways implicated in alcohol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. These findings suggest that LLE functions as a multifaceted therapeutic agent for ARLD by modulating multiple cellular mechanisms, including the reduction of oxidative damage, mitigation of inflammatory responses, alleviation of lipid-mediated toxicity, and regulation of programmed cell death pathways.