Effects of Low-Volume, High-Intensity Interval Training Compared with Continuous Training on Regional and Global Body Composition in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A post hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a post hoc analysis of the randomized clinical trial Intraining-MET. Sixty adults (40–60 years old) were randomized to an MICT (<i>n</i> = 31) or HIIT (<i>n</i> = 29) supervised programme 3 days/week for 12 weeks. MICT sessions were conducted for 36 min at 60% of peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak). HIIT sessions included 6 intervals at 90% VO_2peak for 1 min, followed by 2 min at 50% VO_2peak. Body composition was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Body weight did not change from pre- to post-training in either MICT (78.9 ± 15.6 kg; 77.7 ± 16.5 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.280) or HIIT groups (76.3 ± 13.4 kg; 76.3 ± 13.7 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.964). Body fat percentage and fat mass (FM) decreased post-training in the MICT (−0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.27 to −1.47 and −0.7 kg; 95% CI: −0.12 to −1.30) and HIIT groups (−1.0%; 95% CI: −0.32 to −1.68 and −0.8 kg; 95% CI: −0.17 to −1.47). Compared to the HIIT programme, MICT significantly reduced android FM (−0.14 kg; 95% CI: −0.02 to −0.26). Lean mass (LM) increased post-training in MICT (+0.7 kg; 95% CI: 0.01–1.41) and HIIT groups (+0.9 kg; 95% CI: 0.12–1.64), but only HIIT increased the trunk LM (+0.6 kg; 95% CI: 0.06–1.20). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Both MICT and HIIT reduced FM without changing body weight in adults with MS. MICT had additional benefits by reducing the android FM, whereas HIIT seemed to increase LM. Given the characteristics of the post hoc analysis, further research is required to confirm these results.