The C-Terminal Penta-Peptide Repeats of Major Royal Jelly Protein 3 Ameliorate the Progression of Inflammation <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i>

Royal jelly (RJ) has been used as a functional foodstuff and in cosmetics for many years. RJ contains various molecules, including major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), and affords a number of health benefits such as anti-inflammatory activity. As MRJP3 has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties by the in vitro analysis, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of MRJP3 and its derived peptides both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of both tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNAs in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells was reduced by the addition of MRJP3 or its C-terminal tandem penta-peptide repeats (TPRs) sequence. In the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) model mice, the instillation of TPRs reduced the disease scores and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in HSV-1-infected eyes. In addition, synthetic penta-peptides derived from TPRs reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 both in the THP-1 cell cultures and in the HSK model mice. Our results indicated that MRJP3 TPRs would be useful in controlling inflammation.