[Dynamics of vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age during the menstrual cycle].

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of vaginal microbiota in different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy Chinese women of childbearing age. Methods: A total of 11 healthy women of childbearing age with regular menstruation, who had physical examination in the Gynecology Clinic of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from September to December 2020 were randomly selected as research subjects. Vaginal secretions were collected during menstrual phase (2nd-3rd day), mid-follicular phase (7th-8th day), and mid-luteal phase (21st-22nd day) for microbiota analysis through metagenomic sequencing. Results: (1) Vaginal microbiota species were the most diverse in menstrual phase and the least in follicular phase, observing dominant vaginal bacteria gradually changing to Lactobacillus from menstrual phase to follicular phase and then to luteal phase. (2) The dynamic evolution of vaginal microbiota from menstrual phase to follicular phase and then to luteal phase was divided into: no change in dominant bacteria, replacement of dominant bacteria, changes in the proportion of dominant bacteria, and recurrence of dominant bacteria (non-Lactobacillus-dominance appeared again in luteal phase after returning to normal Lactobacillus-dominance in follicular phase). (3) Prevotella, especially Prevotella_bivia, was significantly higher during menstrual phase. Conclusions: Healthy vaginal microbiota should be relatively stable, but also have the ability of dynamic change and self-recovery. Prevotella plays a central role among opportunistic pathogens in the vagina, whose function remains to be investigated.目的： 了解育龄期女性月经周期不同时段阴道菌群的动态变化。 方法： 随机选取2020年9—12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科门诊体检的月经规律的健康育龄期妇女11例，分别在月经期（第2~3天）、卵泡中期（第7~8天）及黄体中期（第21~22天）留取阴道分泌物进行宏基因组测序及菌群分析。 结果： （1）阴道菌群物种多样性表现为月经期高于黄体期、也高于卵泡期，而大多数（10/11）入组妇女的阴道优势菌自月经期至卵泡期再至黄体期逐渐向乳杆菌属优势类型转化。（2）月经期至卵泡期再至黄体期阴道菌群的动态演变过程可以归纳为4种类型：稳定型（优势菌属不变）、更替型（优势菌属替换）、转化型（优势菌属比例变化）及反复型（卵泡期恢复正常乳杆菌属优势后、黄体期再度出现菌群优势类型向月经期的反复）。（3）阴道菌群丰度差异分析显示，月经期普氏菌属尤其是二路普雷沃菌显著增加。 结论： （1）阴道菌群随月经周期的演变过程说明健康阴道菌群具有相对稳定性，但同时具备动态变化及自我恢复的能力。（2）普氏菌属在阴道机会性致病菌中具有核心地位，其功能值得进一步研究。.