The immediate and lasting effects of imagery rescripting and their associations with imagery tendency in young adults with childhood maltreatment history: An ERP study

Abstract The effectiveness of imagery rescripting (IR) in reducing psychological symptoms associated with aversive memories has been confirmed across various disorders. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying IR, we assessed the immediate and lasting effects and their associations with imagery tendency by using unpleasant pictures depicting child maltreatment within a population with childhood maltreatment (CM) history. Participants ( n = 68) were instructed to engage in two experimental phases while electroencephalogram was recorded. In the rescripting phase, participants viewed neutral or unpleasant pictures and then either imagined the same pictures or rescripted unpleasant ones to assess immediate effect. In the re‐exposure phase, participants passively viewed all pictures without instruction to assess lasting effect. Participants rated their subjective valence and imagery vividness in the rescripting phase or intensity of negative feelings in the re‐exposure phase. IR led to an attenuation of the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude in the late time window (2000–6000 ms at parietal‐occipital electrodes) and a decrease in self‐reported unpleasantness during the rescripting phase. After 5‐min interval, unpleasant pictures with rescripted history elicited smaller LPP (400–1500 ms at centro‐parietal electrodes) and negative feelings than those with imagery history in the re‐exposure phase. The higher habitual use of imagery was associated with a greater reduction in late LPP during the rescripting phase and full‐time range LPP during the re‐exposure phase. The current findings suggest that IR has an immediate effect and a lasting effect on subjective and neural response in the CM population. Individuals with higher imagery tendency are likely to profit more from IR.