Research progress of composite cathode materials for Solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen or hydrocarbons and oxygen into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, with high efficiency and low emissions. Cathode materials with high electrochemical catalytic activity, stability and medium-low temperature durability continue to play a crucial role in SOFC. However, single-phase cathode materials suffer from low conductivity, low activity and poor thermal matching. Therefore, various composite technologies have been employed to enhance the performance of SOFC cathodes. In this review, various composite methods have been illustrated including mechanical-physical composite, infiltration composite and in-situ composite. Besides, this article provides an overview of the fundamentals, recent advances, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and prospects of these composite methods. Furthermore, this article provides valuable guidance and potential directions for the development of composite cathode materials.