For the first time in Colombia, Synarthonia inconspicua (Stirt.) Van den Broeck & Ertz, S. muriformis an den Broeck, Frisch & Ertz, and S. xanthosarcographoides Aptroot are reported and a valid diagnosis is provided for the recently described S. robertiana Soto-M & Aptroot, a new species from the dry forest of Valle del Cauca characterized by presenting septate ascospores and UV+ yellow stromata. A key to the species of the genus in Colombia is also presented.