材料科学
电容器
电介质
航空航天
无定形固体
储能
聚合物
聚丙烯
可靠性(半导体)
光电子学
电容感应
功率密度
工程物理
电压
纳米技术
混溶性
表征(材料科学)
范德瓦尔斯力
功率(物理)
相(物质)
数码产品
电势能
微电子
载流子
高压
超级电容器
发电
分子动力学
能量密度
渗透(认知心理学)
作者
De-Long Li,Jin Yu,Ke-Yu Lan,Mei‐Yue Chen,Changli Liu,Ling Xu,Hua‐Dong Huang,Zhong‐Ming Li
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202532061
摘要
ABSTRACT The growing demand for electrified technologies operating in thermally harsh environments, ranging from electric vehicles to aerospace power systems, requires polymer dielectrics that can sustain high energy density and reliability at elevated temperatures. However, the performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the industrial standard for capacitor films, is fundamentally limited by thermally activated segmental motion in its amorphous regions, which accelerates charge carrier transport and leads to premature electrical failure. Here, we present a scalable, all‐organic molecular design strategy that leverages entropy–enthalpy–driven miscibility to suppress this thermally induced conduction. Low‐molecular‐weight poly(phenylene oxide) oligomers, which act as “molecular brakes”, are incorporated into a maleic‐anhydride‐functionalized PP matrix to restrict chain mobility, promote the formation of well‐developed crystalline lamellae, and introduce deep traps. Molecular simulations and experimental characterization confirm that this synergistic confinement effectively stabilizes the amorphous phase and hinders charge carrier transport at high temperature. At 120°C, modified BOPP films achieve a discharged energy density of 4.6 J cm −3 with 96.2% charge–discharge efficiency at 715 MV m −1 . This entropy–enthalpy‐guided molecular design provides a practical and generalizable pathway for engineering heat‐resilient polymer dielectrics using fully scalable, industry‐compatible materials.
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