Coordination natural nanozymes for biological applications

In recent years, coordination natural nanozymes have been attracting increasingly attention for biological applications, owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility, abundant coordination motifs, tunable enzyme-like catalytic activity, and multifunctional integration. Natural products have abundant coordination sites, intrinsic biological activity and good biocompatibility, which can be used to regulate the local coordination environment and enzyme-like catalytic behavior of metal catalytic centers. Meanwhile, the dynamic coordination structure formed by natural products and metal ions endows the system with the responsive ability to specific pathological microenvironments. Herein, we categorize the regulatory factors that govern the biological applications of coordination natural nanozymes, including endogenous microenvironments and external stimuli. We then summarize recent biological advances according to catalytic modes, with emphasis on single-enzyme, dual-enzyme, and multi-enzyme systems in anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and biosensing application fields. Finally, we discuss the main limitations, challenges and prospects of coordination natural nanozymes for biological applications. Based on a summary of broad research findings, we aim to provide useful guidance to promote the rational design and biological applications of efficient, controllable, and biocompatible nanozyme systems.