Food intervention strategy for oral microbiome: A review

Host-microbe interaction and homeostasis are essential for the maintenance of host health. These microbes mainly include gut, skin, and oral microbes. The strong association between gut microbes and host health and disease has long been established. Notably, recent studies have found that changes in host health are largely influenced by factors of oral origin (e.g., microorganisms, saliva, and diet), and these findings support the possibility that oral microorganisms may be an important target for intervention in host health. Therefore, several studies have proposed the concepts of the oral-gut, the -brain, and -liver axes. However, the interaction between the oral microbiome and host health has not been elaborated in detail. In this review, the distribution and spatial structure of microorganisms in different oral tissues were introduced, and the effects of microorganisms on oral health were analyzed. Based on the oral-gut and -brain axes, the mechanism of oral microorganisms affecting host health and diseases, including neurodegenerative and liver diseases, was expounded. Therefore, food intervention strategies (e.g., Probiotics, Polyphenol, Vitamins, Toothpaste, etc.) to target oral microorganisms and protect host health are proposed.