Updates and Advances in Neuroimaging of Neonatal Encephalopathy

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome used to define a newborn presenting with abnormal neurologic function. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause of NE and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The terms NE and HIE are often used interchangeably in literature because of the high rate of incidence of HIE presenting with NE. However, NE may be due to a host of other etiologies, some of which may clinically mimic HIE. In this paper, we provide a review of the causes of NE and the advances in MRI techniques used in the diagnosis of NE.