Revolutionizing the capture efficiency of ultrasensitive digital ELISA via an antibody oriented-immobilization strategy

) rather than the increase in antigen-binding sites, which further prominently decreased the limit of detection (LoD) in a shorter incubation time compared with the randomly immobilized antibody. In conclusion, the antibody oriented conjugation method effectively overcomes the low capture efficiency challenge of bead-based digital ELISA. It paves a promising way for further improving the digital immunoassay performance and promotes the early diagnosis of diseases by recognizing more ultra-low abundance significant biomarkers.