Multi-performance optimization of static shading devices for glare, daylight, view and energy consideration

Exterior static shading devices of buildings, if correctly designed, can control sunlight and daylight to reduce glare while guaranteeing interiors' natural illumination and connection to the outside which increase occupants' physiological and psychological wellbeing. The shadings can also control solar radiation, which has strong influence on buildings' energy use. Most of the existing research investigated the effects of static shadings on either energy use, or daylight availability and distribution or glare using single-view assessments. A number of studies integrated the analysis of two or the three performances. Very few analyzed the effects on view out. This research investigates through simulations the potential of exterior static shadings in reducing disturbing glare, and the effects on daylight provision, view out, and energy use in two classrooms in the northern city of Tallinn, Estonia. The novelty resides in the integration of the four performances analysis through a multi-objective optimization workflow, allowed by a spatial glare assessment method. Results showed that, for the building type and location, static shadings reduced visual discomfort by up to 89.8% while reduced primary energy use by up to 29.1% and provided adequate levels of daylight and view out. The most performative shading types and detailed results are presented and discussed.