Assessment of the three most developed water electrolysis technologies: Alkaline Water Electrolysis, Proton Exchange Membrane and Solid-Oxide Electrolysis

A profound transformation of the global energy system is needed to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. In this context, governments, businesses, energy organizations, and research institutes are exploring the opportunities that green hydrogen could offer to achieve net-zero targets for energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. There is currently a significant political and commercial momentum for clean hydrogen development, with a fast-growing number of policies and projects around the world. This study aims to provide new insights into the use of renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis processes. The objective is to present a comparative synthesis of the three most developed water electrolysis technologies: Alkaline Water Electrolysis, Proton Exchange Membrane and Solid Oxide Electrolysis.