Development and Evaluation of a PEGylated Lyophilized Nanoliposomal Formulation of Nilotinib for Enhanced Solubility, Intestinal Permeation, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity

cm/s) relative to the pure drug. Biological evaluation using MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated substantially improved cytotoxicity (50% inhibitory concentration = 6.7 µg/mL), enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, pronounced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, stronger apoptosis induction, and significant G0/G1-phase arrest compared with the pure drug. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the optimized PEGylated nanoliposomal formulation significantly improves solubility, stability, intestinal permeation, and in vitro anticancer activity of nilotinib, supporting its potential as a promising preclinical formulation strategy for further in vivo and clinical evaluation.