3D printing for sodium batteries: From material design to integrated devices

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an innovative technique for fabricating batteries with arbitrary architectures. Understanding the intricacies of 3D printing designs in sodium battery materials is crucial for optimizing their electrochemical properties and unlocking the full potential of 3D printed sodium batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects involved in the fabrication of 3D printed sodium batteries, encompassing material selectivity criterion, design considerations, and optimization strategies. Challenges and prospects for the fabrication of high-performance 3D printed sodium batteries are outlined, aiming to provide valuable insights into new conception and theoretical guidance for the design and performance optimization of composites by 3D printing for the practical application of sodium batteries in the future.