Excitation and modulation of exchange spin waves in CoFeB films

Spin waves in nanostructures have great potential to be future spintronic information carriers. Here, we report the excitation and modulation of exchange spin waves in Co20Fe60B20 (CoFeB) films by varying magnetic anisotropy. In a 50 nm-thick CoFeB film, the effective excitation of perpendicular standing spin waves (PSSWs) is achieved due to the uniaxial anisotropy induced by oblique sputtering. Additionally, patterning the films into a periodic array of rectangles enables the excitation of both exchange-dominated surface spin waves and PSSWs, with the modulation of spin waves achievable by altering the length–width ratio of the rectangle. It is worth noting that PSSWs are present in the easy axis, whereas surface spin waves are observed in the hard axis, emphasizing the significant influence of shape anisotropy on spin waves. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of PSSW in a CoFeB/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN-PT) multiferroic heterostructure. The resonance field of PSSW can be shifted by applying electric fields, which originates from the strain anisotropy driven by the piezoelectric effect. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights for the development of energy-efficient spintronic devices and high-frequency data processing systems.