Pelvic floor muscle training with feedback or biofeedback for urinary incontinence in women

PFMT with biofeedback results in little to no difference in incontinence quality of life. The addition of biofeedback to PFMT likely results in a small unimportant difference in leakage episodes in 24 hours, and likely little to no difference in patient-reported cure or improvement. Satisfaction may increase slightly for PFMT with biofeedback, based on low-certainty evidence. Five of the 33 studies in this comparison collected information about adverse events, and four reported none in either group. Adverse events reported by women using biofeedback seemed related to using a vaginal or rectal device (e.g. discomfort with device in place, vaginal discharge). The other comparisons had few, small studies, and low- to very low-certainty evidence for all outcomes. None of the studies reported any severe adverse events.