Biomechanical Impact of Meniscal Layer and Oblique Tears on Knee Joint Stability

Abstract Biomechanical studies on meniscus injuries have mainly focused on complete knee joint motion, with limited research on injuries at common flexion angles. This study employs finite element method (FEM) technology to evaluate the biomechanical stability of intact, layer-tear, and oblique-tear menisci under different flexion angles. A knee joint model was constructed using Mimics and Geomagic Studio, with experimental groups categorized by flexion angles and injury types. Results indicate that layer tears concentrate stress in the medial meniscus body and anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, particularly at 30° flexion, while oblique tears cause greater overall stress and deformation, increasing osteoarthritis risk. Patients with oblique tears should avoid high-flexion movements during rehabilitation. FEM enhances diagnostic precision over conventional magnetic resonance imaging, aiding personalized treatment and postoperative assessments. This study offers new insights into meniscus injury pathology, providing a scientific basis for individualized surgical and rehabilitation strategies.