Dilute alloying-induced d–p orbital hybridization in Pd–Bi metallene arrays for electrocatalytic coupling of carbon dioxide and nitrate to urea

The precise dilution of d-block Pd in p-block Bi metallene arrays could indue localized electron transfer via d–p orbital hybridization and thus create highly active sites that enhance CO 2 and NO 3 − co-activation and C–N coupling for urea synthesis.