Objective To use polysaccharides of Portulaca oleracea L. for the treatment of mice with ulcerative colitis,in order to prevent and treat ulcerative colitis in microecological way. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control group and model group induced by DSS( DSS group). The mice with ulcerative colitis( DSS group)were further subdivided into natural recovery group and treatment group. After modeling and 7 days of therapy,the mice were respectively sacrificed to detect the intestinal flora and blood endotoxin. Results The intestinal flora was in imbalance and the endotoxin content within peripheral blood increased after treating with DSS. After 7 days of therapy,the quantities of intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli increased significantly,with the decreasing of peripheral blood endotoxin. Conclusion Polysaccharides of Portulaca oleracea L. can increase the quantities of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli,reduce the levels of peripheral blood endotoxin,regulate intestinal dysbiosis,and be helpful for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.