Coupled One-Dimensional Plasmons and Two-Dimensional Phonon Polaritons in Hybrid Silver Nanowire/Silicon Carbide Structures

Surface plasmons (SPs) and phonon polaritons (PhPs) are two distinctive quasiparticles resulting from the strong coupling of photons with electrons and optical phonons, respectively. In this Letter, we investigate the interactions between one-dimensional (1D) plasmons in silver nanowires with two-dimensional (2D) surface phonon polaritons of the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. Using near-field infrared spectroscopy of the silver nanowire-SiC heterostructure at wavelengths close to the phonon resonance of SiC, we observe that the 1D plasmon dispersion is strongly modified by the 2D phonon polaritons in SiC. In particular, we observe for the first time well-defined 1D plasmon oscillations with the plasmon wavelengths longer than the free-space photon wavelengths due to the 1D plasmon-2D phonon polariton coupling. Our work demonstrates that unusual polariton behavior can emerge from interactions between polariton excitons of different dimensionality, which can enable new ways to engineer plasmons in hybrid structures.