环空(植物学)
材料科学
阻力
复合材料
粘度
流变学
剪切减薄
机械
物理
作者
Jie Sun,Liejin Guo,Xiaoyun Yin,Jiaqiang Jing,Jiqiang Fu,Yingda Lu,Amos Ullmann,Neima Brauner
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.110062
摘要
An innovative idea is proposed for facilitating the transportation of thermally produced high-viscosity oil by injecting temperature tolerant aqueous foam. To this aim, experimental investigations of the flow characteristics of heated highly viscous oil flowing through a 25 mm i.d. horizontal rough-wall tempered borosilicate glass pipe were conducted. Measurements were made for the superficial oil and foam velocities in the range of 0.05–0.40 m/s and 0.04–0.39 m/s, respectively. Eccentric core annular flow configurations detected by a high-speed camera were found to be particularly dominant throughout the entire tested range. A two-fluid, three-zone mechanistic model for horizontal foam-oil flows was implemented for the case of shear thinning power-law fluid in the annulus, which is in accordance with the foam rheological behavior at the tested elevated temperature. Good agreement was achieved between the predicted and measured data over a wide range of operational conditions. When a complete foam annulus encapsulating the oil core is formed, a critical value of input foam volume fraction can be determined for the maximum drag reduction ratio. An optimal oil core-to-pipe radius ratio range was determined for the highest oil-transport operational coefficient. The drag reduction performance of the tested hot oil-foam system is better than that obtained with the oil-foam system employed at room temperature.
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