Removal Performance of Biomass Tar Utilizing Olivine Catalytic Decomposition and Oily Materials Absorption

Tar is one of the biggest bottlenecks hindering the development of biomass gasification. Herein, Ni−Fe/olivine catalysts prepared by thermal fusion (TF‐olivine) and wetness impregnation (WI‐olivine) are selected as the tar in situ cracking catalyst, and four oily materials (waste cooking oil [WCO], waste cooking oil‐based biodiesel [WCB], palm oil [PO], palm oil‐based biodiesel [PB]) are selected as subsequent tar absorbents. The results show that the tar efficiency increases with the increase in oil absorbent temperature. The absorption efficiency of PO and PB is higher than that of WCO and WCB. The absorption efficiency of tar can reach up to 92.96%. After adding TF‐olivine as the in situ catalyst, the removal efficiency of tar in the biomass catalytic decomposition oil absorbent purification system is further improved. In the fixed‐bed experimental device with a biomass feed rate of 30 g h −1 , the tar removal rate reaches 99.96%. In the biomass‐circulating fluidized bed gasification device with a feed rate of 3.9 kg h −1 , the tar content is reduced to 8.6 mg Nm −3 , and the tar removal rate is up to 99.89%. The in situ catalytic oil absorption purification system provides a promising approach for efficient removal of biomass tar.